संविधान के महत्वपूर्ण अनुच्छेद (Important Articles of the Constitution)

Here’s a concise summary of the important articles you’ve mentioned in the Indian Constitution:

1. Article 1: Name and territory of India.
2. Article 3: Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states.
3. Article 13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of fundamental rights are void.
4. Article 14: Equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
5. Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
6. Article 17: Abolition of “Untouchability.”
7. Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, assembly, association, etc.
8. Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.
   21A. Article 21A: Right to education.
9. Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
10. Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
    31C. Article 31C: Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
11. Article 32: Remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights.
12. Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people.
13. Article 40: Organization of village panchayats.
14. Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizens.
15. Article 45: Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
16. Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections.
17. Article 50: Separation of the judiciary from the executive.
    51A. Article 51A: Fundamental duties of citizens.
18. Article 72: Power of the President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit, or commute sentences in certain cases.
19. Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President.
20. Article 78: Duties of the Prime Minister as to the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
21. Article 110: Definition of “Money Bills.”
22. Article 112: Annual financial statement (Budget) and its components.
23. Article 123: Power of the President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of Parliament.
24. Article 143: Consultation by the President with the Supreme Court.
25. Article 155: Governor’s appointment, tenure, and conditions of service.
26. Article 161: Power of the Governor to grant pardons and suspend, remit, or commute sentences in certain cases.
27. Article 163: Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Governor.
28. Article 167: Duties of the Chief Minister as to the furnishing of information to the Governor, etc.
29. Article 169: Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
30. Article 200: Assent to bills by the Governor.
31. Article 213: Power of the Governor to promulgate ordinances during the recess of the State Legislature.
32. Article 226: Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
33. Article 239AA: Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
34. Article 249: Power of Parliament to legislate on matters in the State List in the national interest.
35. Article 262: Adjudication of disputes relating to waters.
36. Article 263: Provisions with respect to an inter-state council.
37. Article 265: Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
38. Article 275: Grants from the Union to certain states.
39. Article 280: Finance Commission.
40. Article 300: Suits and proceedings.
41. Article 300A: Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.
42. Article 301: Freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse.
43. Article 311: Dismissal, removal, or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
44. Article 315: Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
45. Article 320: Functions of Public Service Commissions.
46. Article 324: Superintendence, direction, and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
47. Article 330: Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
48. Article 332: Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
49. Article 338: National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
50. Article 340: Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
51. Article 343: Official language of the Union.
52. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency.
53. Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
54. Article 365: Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union:
55. This article states that if a state fails to comply with or give effect to any directions given by the Union government under the provisions of the Constitution, it shall be lawful for the President to hold that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. In such a case, the President can take necessary steps, including the suspension of the state government and the imposition of President’s Rule.
56. Article 368: Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure thereof:
57. Article 368 outlines the procedure for amending the Indian Constitution. It provides that amendments can be made by Parliament, but certain amendments require a special majority, while others require the ratification of a majority of the states. The basic structure of the Constitution cannot be altered through amendments.
58. Article 370: Temporary provisions with respect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir:
59. Article 370 was a temporary provision that granted special autonomy to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It allowed the state to have its own constitution and autonomy over all matters except defense, foreign affairs, finance, and communications. However, this article has been significantly modified over time, and its special provisions have been abrogated through a presidential order in August 2019.